Before conducting this test, your telescope must
be allowed to acclimatize to the night's conditions. Pick a night with good
seeing conditions for this test. For telescopes in the range from 6" to 10",-
mutltiply the number of inches in your telescope's aperture by 25. This
will give you the desired magnification. My 8" telescope should be set
for a Magnification of 200X. The correct focal length of the eyepiece to
use to get this magnification is your telescope's focal length in millimeters,
divided by the Magnification just calculated. For my telescope this
would be: 1371.6 / 200 = 6.858 or 7mm. Note this yields an exit pupil
that is very close to 1mm. Thus if you know your telescope's Focal Ratio
(F: number), simply use an eyepiece with a focal length equal to your
telescope's F: number. My Telescope has a Focal Ratio of 6.75 so again I
would use a 7mm eyepiece.
The test is conducted by getting the best focus
of the star that you can. Then VERY SLIGHTLY defocus the star on both
sides of the best focus, and compare the resulting Airy disks. Any lens
or mirror aberation(s) afflicting your telescope will distort the ideal Airy
disk in a characteristic way, which is often different on either side of your
best focus.